American Holly

Ilex opaca

Shrub

About American Holly

American Holly is a broadleaf evergreen tree or large shrub valued for its glossy, spiny leaves and bright red berries. It is dioecious, meaning male and female flowers occur on separate plants. The berries persist through winter, providing food for birds and adding ornamental interest.

Quick Facts

Native Range

Eastern and South-Central United States

Hardiness Zones

5-9

Mature Height

15-30 feet

Growth Rate

Slow

Sun Requirements

Full sun to partial shade

Soil Preference

Acidic, moist, well-drained soils

How to Identify American Holly

Thick, leathery, evergreen leaves with spiny margins
Bright red berries on female plants persist through winter
Smooth, light gray bark
Dense, pyramidal to rounded form
Small, whitish flowers in spring

Care Guide

Plant both male and female trees for berry production
Water regularly, especially during hot summers
Prune in late winter to shape; harvest branches for holiday decoration
Mulch with acidic materials like pine needles
Protect from harsh winter winds in northern zones

Known Issues (1)

Bagworm

MODERATE

Insect

A moth whose larvae construct distinctive spindle-shaped bags from silk and foliage fragments. They feed on over 100 species of trees and shrubs, with conifers being most vulnerable since they cannot regrow lost foliage as readily.

Affecting 28 regions

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